Logic function

Excel AND function

Q: How do I use IF and AND together in Excel?

Put AND as the first argument of IF: =IF(AND(B2>50,C2="Yes"),"OK","Check"). IF returns "OK" only when both conditions are true.

Q: How do I check if a number is between two values in Excel?

Use =AND(A2>=10,A2<=20). It returns TRUE when A2 is from 10 to 20 inclusive.

Q: What does AND return if a cell is empty?

Empty cells in a range are ignored. A comparison like A2>5 on an empty cell treats it as 0, so that test is FALSE.

AND checks several conditions and returns TRUE only if all of them are true. On its own it shows TRUE or FALSE, but it is most useful inside IF when a row has to pass more than one rule.

fx=AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)

Arguments

logical1: The first condition to check.
logical2: More conditions. You can check up to 255 in total.

AND examples

Every result below was calculated live from this sample sheet.

	A	B	C	D
1	Employee	Dept	Years	Rating
2	Ana Ruiz	Sales	6	4.5
3	Ben Cole	Support	2	4.8
4	Cara Diaz	Sales	3	3.9
5	Dev Shah	IT	8	4.2

fx=AND(C2>=5,D2>=4)
Result: TRUE
Ana has 6 years and a 4.5 rating, so both tests pass and AND returns TRUE.
fx=AND(C3>=5,D3>=4)
Result: FALSE
Ben has a great rating but only 2 years, so one false test makes the result FALSE.
fx=IF(AND(B2="Sales",D2>=4),"Bonus","No bonus")
Result: Bonus
Inside IF, AND decides who gets a bonus: Sales staff rated 4 or higher.
fx=AND(C5>3,C5<10)
Result: TRUE
A common pattern for "between": Dev's 8 years is above 3 and below 10.

How to use AND

Decide which conditions must all be true.
Type =AND( and list each condition separated by commas.
Close the bracket to see TRUE or FALSE.
Wrap it in IF to show your own words instead.

Common AND mistakes

Writing 3<C2<10

Excel does not chain comparisons. Use AND(C2>3,C2<10).

Using AND when you mean OR

AND needs every test to pass. If any one test is enough, use OR.

Expecting AND to return a label

AND only returns TRUE or FALSE. Put it inside IF to return text or a number.

AND FAQ

How do I use IF and AND together in Excel?

Put AND as the first argument of IF: =IF(AND(B2>50,C2="Yes"),"OK","Check"). IF returns "OK" only when both conditions are true.

How do I check if a number is between two values in Excel?

Use =AND(A2>=10,A2<=20). It returns TRUE when A2 is from 10 to 20 inclusive.

What does AND return if a cell is empty?

Empty cells in a range are ignored. A comparison like A2>5 on an empty cell treats it as 0, so that test is FALSE.

Practice AND in these lessons

Logic with IF: AND and OR

Guides that use AND

Related functions

OR True if any test is true
NOT Flips TRUE and FALSE
IF Picks a result from a test
IFS First true test wins

Updated 2026-10-31